{"id":1560,"date":"2021-06-30T14:55:15","date_gmt":"2021-06-30T14:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.emonovo.com\/blog\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-10-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7\/"},"modified":"2024-05-30T14:41:30","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T11:41:30","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-10-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.emonovo.com\/ar\/blog\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-10-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 10 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 10 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a: QS World University Rankings 2021<\/span><\/a>\u060c <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

\u00a01- \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (MIT): \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0643!\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 19 (1861) \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0643 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627<\/a> \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629!<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645…\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f (Stanford University)<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0644<\/a><\/span>\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/a><\/span>\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1891 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643!!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<\/span>\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062c<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0648<\/span>\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u00a0<\/span>\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u063a\u0644<\/a><\/span>\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0643\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:\u00a0<\/span>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

3- \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f (Harvard University)<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645<\/span>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u00a0<\/span>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062a<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0632\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0631\u063a<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643 \u061f\u061f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00a0<\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/span>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0629!!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0622\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/span>180<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u066a 24 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “<\/span>Legally Blonde<\/a><\/span>” \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u060c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u00a0<\/span>\u062a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

4- \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (Caltech): \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n

\u0647<\/span>\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u00a0<\/span>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span>\u060c<\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u00a0<\/span>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1920\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647. \u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u063a\u0641\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643<\/span>\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u00a0<\/span>\u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/span>!<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

5- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648<\/span>\u00a0(University of Chicago<\/span>)<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1890 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u00a0<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0641\u0644\u0631<\/a><\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0648\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:\u00a0<\/span>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

6- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u00a0(Princeton University)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 : “<\/span>\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a: Becoming<\/a><\/span>\u00a0“\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 12 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 “<\/span>A Beautiful mind<\/a><\/span>“\u060c\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u00a0<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u00a0<\/a><\/span>\u060c<\/span>\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627:\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627<\/a><\/span>\u064b<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

7- \u062c<\/a><\/span>\u0627<\/a><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/a><\/span>\u00a0(Pennsylvania University)\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627<\/span>\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/span>\u00a0\u0644<\/span>\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 :”<\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647”. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062c\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0650\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1740 \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u00a0<\/span>\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2655 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u0644\u0641\u00a0<\/a><\/span>\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u0643<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>!<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

8- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644 (Yale University) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1701\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/span>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u00a0<\/span>\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 11 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u062b\u0645\u00a0<\/span>\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span>\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u062e \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:\u00a0<\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0634<\/a><\/span>\u060c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u2026 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 17 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0647\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064f\u0635\u064f\u0635\u0650\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0647\u0631\u00a0<\/span>\u0628<\/a><\/span>\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0643 !<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h5>\n

9- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/a>: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0644\u00a0(Cornell University<\/a>\u00a0)<\/span><\/h2>\n

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 <\/p>\n

10- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 (Columbia University<\/a>)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/span><\/h2>\n

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